AI is basically a way to give machines human-like
intelligence. As the words "artificial" and "intelligence"
show, "artificial" means "made by humans" and
"intelligence" means "to think or understand." So, AI
basically means teaching machines how the human brain
works and what it can do. AI can be found in things like
Google's predictions, Uber's autopilot messages, and so
on.
Machine Learning is the subset of Artificial Intelligence
that lets machines learn and get better on their own,
without any help from humans. The recommendations you get
on music and videos on streaming apps are a very good
example of ML, virtual personal assistants like Alexa,
Siri are also good examples of ML.
Deep learning is a type of Machine Learning, which is
based on the way the human brain filters through
information. DL helps a computer sort through and filter
information so that it can predict and classify it. The
caption generators, image analysis tools that you often
use are examples of DL.